Emerging Growth Company

The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, (the “Securities Act”), as modified by the Jumpstart our Business Startups Act of 2012, (the “JOBS Act”), and it may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.

Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of the Company’s financial statement with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

Emerging Growth Company

The Company is an “emerging growth company,” as defined in Section 2(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, (the “Securities Act”), as modified by the Jumpstart our Business Startups Act of 2012, (the “JOBS Act”), and it may take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in its periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved.

Further, Section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. The Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of the Company’s financial statement with another public company which is neither an emerging growth company nor an emerging growth company which has opted out of using the extended transition period difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. The Company did not have any cash equivalents as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.

 Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. The Company did not have any cash equivalents as of December 31, 2020.

Fair Value Measurements

FASB ASC Topic 820 “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“ASC 820”) defines fair value, the methods used to measure fair value and the expanded disclosures about fair value measurements. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between the buyer and the seller at the measurement date. In determining fair value, the valuation techniques consistent with the market approach, income approach and cost approach shall be used to measure fair value. ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy for inputs, which represent the assumptions used by the buyer and seller in pricing the asset or liability. These inputs are further defined as observable and unobservable inputs. Observable inputs are those that buyer and seller would use in pricing the asset or liability based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s assumptions about the inputs that the buyer and seller would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances.

The fair value hierarchy is categorized into three levels based on the inputs as follows:

Level 1 — Valuations based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access. Valuation adjustments and block discounts are not being applied. Since valuations are based on quoted prices that are readily and regularly available in an active market, valuation of these securities does not entail a significant degree of judgment.

Level 2 — Valuations based on (i) quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities, (ii) quoted prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar assets, (iii) inputs other than quoted prices for the assets or liabilities, or (iv) inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by market through correlation or other means.

Level 3 — Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement.

The fair value of the Company’s certain assets and liabilities, which qualify as financial instruments under ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” approximates the carrying amounts represented in the balance sheet. The fair values of cash, accounts payable and due to related party are estimated to approximate the carrying values as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 due to the short maturities of such instruments.

The fair value of Private Placement Warrants is based on a valuation model utilizing management judgment and pricing inputs from observable and unobservable markets with less volume and transaction frequency than active markets. Significant deviations from these estimates and inputs could result in a material change in fair value. The fair value of the Private Placement Warrants is classified as level 3. See Note 6 for additional information on assets and liabilities measured at fair value.

Fair Value Measurements

FASB ASC Topic 820 “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“ASC 820”) defines fair value, the methods used to measure fair value and the expanded disclosures about fair value measurements. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between the buyer and the seller at the measurement date. In determining fair value, the valuation techniques consistent with the market approach, income approach and cost approach shall be used to measure fair value. ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy for inputs, which represent the assumptions used by the buyer and seller in pricing the asset or liability. These inputs are further defined as observable and unobservable inputs. Observable inputs are those that buyer and seller would use in pricing the asset or liability based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs reflect the Company’s assumptions about the inputs that the buyer and seller would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances.

The fair value hierarchy is categorized into three levels based on the inputs as follows:

Level 1 — Valuations based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access. Valuation adjustments and block discounts are not being applied. Since valuations are based on quoted prices that are readily and regularly available in an active market, valuation of these securities does not entail a significant degree of judgment.

Level 2 — Valuations based on (i) quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities, (ii) quoted prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar assets, (iii) inputs other than quoted prices for the assets or liabilities, or (iv) inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by market through correlation or other means.

Level 3 — Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement.

The fair value of the Company’s certain assets and liabilities, which qualify as financial instruments under ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” approximates the carrying amounts represented in the balance sheet. The fair values of cash, prepaid assets, and accounts payable are estimated to approximate the carrying values as of December 31, 2020 due to the short maturities of such instruments.

The Company’s warrant liability is based on a valuation model utilizing management judgment and pricing inputs from observable and unobservable markets with less volume and transaction frequency than active markets. Significant deviations from these estimates and inputs could result in a material change in fair value. The fair value of the warrant liability is classified as level 3. See Note 7 for additional information on assets and liabilities measured at fair value.

Common Stock Subject to Possible Redemption

The Company accounts for its common stock subject to possible redemption in accordance with the guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 480 “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity.” Common stock subject to mandatory redemption (if any) is classified as a liability instrument and is measured at fair value. Conditionally redeemable common stock (including common stock that feature redemption rights that are either within the control of the holder or subject to redemption upon the occurrence of uncertain events not solely within the Company’s control) is classified as temporary equity. At all other times, common stock is classified as stockholders’ equity. The Company’s common stock feature certain redemption rights that are considered to be outside of the Company’s control and subject to the occurrence of uncertain future events. Accordingly, as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, 9,060,042 and 9,521,649 shares of common stock subject to possible redemption, respectively, are presented at redemption value as temporary equity, outside of the stockholders’ equity section of the Company’s balance sheets.

Common Stock Subject to Possible Redemption

The Company accounts for its common stock subject to possible redemption in accordance with the guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 480 “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity.” Common stock subject to mandatory redemption (if any) is classified as a liability instrument and is measured at fair value. Conditionally redeemable common stock (including common stock that feature redemption rights that are either within the control of the holder or subject to redemption upon the occurrence of uncertain events not solely within the Company’s control) is classified as temporary equity. At all other times, common stock is classified as stockholders’ equity. The Company’s common stock feature certain redemption rights that is considered to be outside of the Company’s control and subject to the occurrence of uncertain future events. Accordingly, as of December 31, 2020, 9,521,649 shares of common stock subject to possible redemption are presented at redemption value as temporary equity, outside of the stockholders’ equity section of the Company’s balance sheet.

Offering Costs

The Company complies with the requirements of the ASC 340-10-S99-1 and SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) Topic 5A - “Expenses of Offering”. Offering costs consist principally of professional and registration fees incurred that were related to the IPO. Offering costs were allocated to the separable financial instruments issued in the IPO based on a relative fair value basis compared to total proceeds received. Offering costs associated with warrant liabilities were expensed, and offering costs associated with the common stock were charged to the stockholders’ equity.

Offering Costs

The Company complies with the requirements of the ASC 340-10-S99-1 and SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) Topic 5A — “Expenses of Offering”. Offering costs consist principally of professional and registration fees incurred through the balance sheet date that are related to the Public Offering and that were charged to stockholders’ equity upon the completion of the IPO. Accordingly, as of December 31, 2020, offering costs totaling $6,731,655 have been charged to stockholders’ equity (consisting of $2,300,000 in underwriting fee, $4,025,000 in deferred underwriting fee, and approximately $406,655 of other cash expenses).

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under ASC 740 Income Taxes (“ASC 740”). ASC 740 requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for both the expected impact of differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities and for the expected future tax benefit to be derived from tax loss and tax credit carry forwards. ASC 740 additionally requires a valuation allowance to be established when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of deferred tax assets will not be realized.

ASC 740 also clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statement and prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement process for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. ASC 740 also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim period, disclosure and transition.

The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. There were no unrecognized tax benefits and no amounts accrued for interest and penalties as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020. The Company is currently not aware of any issues under review that could result in significant payments, accruals or material deviation from its position.

The Company has identified the United States as its only “major” tax jurisdiction.

The Company may be subject to potential examination by federal and state taxing authorities in the areas of income taxes since inception. These potential examinations may include questioning the timing and amount of deductions, the nexus of income among various tax jurisdictions and compliance with federal and state tax laws. The Company’s management does not expect that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits will materially change over the next twelve months.

The provision for income taxes was deemed immaterial for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021.

Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income taxes under ASC 740 Income Taxes (“ASC 740”). ASC 740 requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for both the expected impact of differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities and for the expected future tax benefit to be derived from tax loss and tax credit carry forwards. ASC 740 additionally requires a valuation allowance to be established when it is more likely than not that all or a portion of deferred tax assets will not be realized.

ASC 740 also clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statement and prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement process for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more-likely-than-not to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. ASC 740 also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim period, disclosure and transition.

The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as income tax expense. There were no unrecognized tax benefits and no amounts accrued for interest and penalties as of December 31, 2020. The Company is currently not aware of any issues under review that could result in significant payments, accruals or material deviation from its position.

The Company has identified the United States as its only “major” tax jurisdiction.

The Company may be subject to potential examination by federal and state taxing authorities in the areas of income taxes since inception. These potential examinations may include questioning the timing and amount of deductions, the nexus of income among various tax jurisdictions and compliance with federal and state tax laws. The Company’s management does not expect that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits will materially change over the next twelve months.

The provision for income taxes was deemed immaterial for the period ending December 31, 2020.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, Debt-Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity (“ASU 2020-06”), which simplifies accounting for convertible instruments by removing major separation models required under current GAAP. The ASU also removes certain settlement conditions that are required for equity-linked contracts to qualify for scope exception, and it simplifies the diluted earnings per share calculation in certain areas.  The Company adopted ASU 2020-06 on January 1, 2021.  Adoption of the ASU did not impact the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Management does not believe that any recently issued, but not effective, accounting standards, if currently adopted, would have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications have been made to prior-year amounts to conform with current-year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the Company’s net loss or cash flows from operations.

Use of estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Earnings (loss) per share

Earnings (loss) per share is calculated and reported under the “two-class” method. The “two-class” method is an earnings allocation method under which earnings per share is calculated for each class of common stock and participating security considering both dividends declared or accumulated and participation rights in undistributed earnings as if all such earnings had been distributed during the period. The Company has convertible preferred stock which have a right to participate in dividends; these are deemed to be participating securities. During periods of loss, there is no allocation required under the two-class method since the participating securities do not have a contractual obligation to fund the losses of the Company. (See Note 17).

When applicable, basic earnings (loss) per share is calculated by dividing net income, after deducting dividends on convertible preferred stock and participating securities as well as undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities, by the average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings (loss) per share is calculated in a similar manner after consideration of the potential dilutive effect of common stock equivalents on the average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Common stock equivalents include warrants, stock options and restricted stock awards. Common stock equivalents are calculated based upon the treasury stock method using an average market price of common shares during the period. Dilution is not considered when a net loss is reported. Common stock equivalents that have an antidilutive effect are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In January 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2017-04 (amended by ASU 2019-10), “Intangibles – Goodwill and other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment.” which simplifies the test for goodwill impairment by removing the second step of the test. There is a one-step qualitative test and does not amend the optional qualitative assessment of goodwill impairment. The new standard was adopted by the Company on January 1, 2021, and it did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, “Intangibles — Goodwill and Other — Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract.” which requires implementation costs incurred by customers in cloud computing arrangements to be deferred and recognized over the term of the arrangement, if those costs would be capitalized by the customers in a software licensing arrangement. The new standard was adopted by the Company on January 1, 2021, and it did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, “Income taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes.” which simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740 and clarifies and amends the existing guidance. The new standard was adopted by the Company on January 1, 2021, and it did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, “Debt — Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging — Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40)”. The ASU simplifies the accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity. The FASB reduced the number of accounting models for convertible debt and convertible preferred stock instruments and made certain disclosure amendments to improve the information provided to users. The new standard will be adopted by the Company on January 1, 2022. The new standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, “Earnings Per Share (Topic 260), Debt — Modifications and Extinguishments (Subtopic 470-50), Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718), and Derivatives and Hedging — Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Issuer’s Accounting for Certain Modifications or Exchanges of Freestanding Equity-Classified Written Call Options”. This ASU provides guidance for a modification or an exchange of a freestanding equity-classified written call option that is not within the scope of another Topic The new standard will be adopted by the Company on January 1, 2022. The new standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting” which provides optional expedient and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. In response to the concerns about structural risks of interbank offered rates (“IBORs”) and, particularly, the risk of cessation of the LIBOR, regulators in several jurisdictions around the world have undertaken reference rate reform initiatives to identify alternative reference rates that are more observable or transaction based and less susceptible to manipulation. This accounting standards update provides companies with optional guidance to ease the potential accounting burden associated with transitioning away from reference rates that are expected to be discontinued. This new guidance may be adopted by the Company no later than December 1, 2022, with early adoption permitted. The potential adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13 (amended by ASU 2019-10), “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, regarding the measurement of credit losses for certain financial instruments.” which replaces the incurred loss model with a current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model. The CECL model is based on historical experience, adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The Company is required to adopt the new guidance on January 1, 2023. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this guidance will have on the consolidated financial statements.

Recent accounting pronouncements

In January 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2017-04 (amended by ASU 2019-10), “Intangibles — Goodwill and other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment.” which simplifies the test for goodwill impairment by removing the second step of the test. There is a one-step qualitative test and does not amend the optional qualitative assessment of goodwill impairment. The new standard is effective January 1, 2021 and is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, “Intangibles — Goodwill and Other — Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract.” which requires implementation costs incurred by customers in cloud computing arrangements to be deferred and recognized over the term of the arrangement, if those costs would be capitalized by the customers in a software licensing arrangement. The new standard is effective January 1, 2021 and is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, “Income taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes.” which simplifies the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740 and clarifies and amends the existing guidance. The new standard is effective January 1, 2021 and is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, “Debt — Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging — Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40)”. The ASU simplifies the accounting for certain financial instruments with characteristics of liabilities and equity. The FASB reduced the number of accounting models for convertible debt and convertible preferred stock instruments and made certain disclosure amendments to improve the information provided to users. The new standard is effective January 1, 2022 (early adoption is permitted, but not earlier than January 1, 2021). The new standard is not expected to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting” which provides optional expedient and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. In response to the concerns about structural risks of interbank offered rates (“IBORs”) and, particularly, the risk of cessation of the LIBOR, regulators in several jurisdictions around the world have undertaken reference rate reform initiatives to identify alternative reference rates that are more observable or transaction based and less susceptible to manipulation. This accounting standards update provides companies with optional guidance to ease the potential accounting burden associated with transitioning away from reference rates that are expected to be discontinued. This new guidance may be adopted by the Company no later than December 1, 2022, with early adoption permitted. The potential adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13 (amended by ASU 2019-10), “Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, regarding the measurement of credit losses for certain financial instruments.” which replaces the incurred loss model with a current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model. The CECL model is based on historical experience, adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The Company is required to adopt the new guidance on January 1, 2023. The Company is currently evaluating the impact this guidance will have on the consolidated financial statements.

Accounts receivable

Accounts receivable represent receivables from customers in the ordinary course of business. These are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. Receivables are recorded net of the allowance for doubtful accounts in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The Company evaluates the collectability of its accounts receivable based on a combination of factors, such as historical experience, credit quality, country risk, current level of business, age of the accounts receivable and current economic conditions. The Company regularly analyzes its customer accounts overdue more than 90 days and when it becomes aware of a specific customer’s inability to meet its financial obligations, the Company records a specific allowance to reduce the related receivable to the amount it reasonably believes to be collectible. When collection efforts cease or collection is considered remote, the account and related allowance are written off.

During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company sold certain accounts receivable balances that had a carrying value of approximately $11.5 million, $73.0 million and $152.7 million, respectively, to an unrelated third party. The transfers were accounted for as sales and the Company has no continuing involvement with the transferred assets. During 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded a loss of $22 thousand, $1.5 million and $3.3 million, respectively, related to these sales transaction which represents the difference between the receivable carrying amount and cash received. This loss is included in loss on sale of assets in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Property, plant and equipment

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. The costs of additions and betterments that substantially extend the useful life of an asset are capitalized and the expenditures for ordinary repairs and maintenance are expensed in the period incurred as part of general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. Depreciation is provided on all tangible fixed assets at rates calculated to write off the cost, less estimated residual value, based on prices prevailing at the date of acquisition of each asset evenly over its expected useful life, as follows:

Intangible assets, net

The Company’s intangible assets are primarily the result of business combinations and include acquired developed technology, customer relationships, trademarks and non-compete agreements. These are amortized utilizing a straight line method over their estimated useful lives. When establishing useful lives, the Company considers the period and the pattern in which the economic benefits of the intangible asset are consumed or otherwise used; or, if that pattern cannot be reliably determined, using a straight-line amortization method over a period that may be shorter than the ultimate life of such intangible asset. There is no residual value associated with the Company’s finite-lived intangible assets.

The Company reviews for impairment indicators of finite-lived intangibles and other long-lived assets as described below in “Impairment of long-lived assets.”

Other non-current assets

Other non-current assets represent the value of funded employee severance benefit accounts and deposits issued to landlords. Eighteen employees are entitled to one month of the employee’s current salary, multiplied by the number of years of employment. The Company accrues a liability for this obligation and funds an employee severance benefit account monthly. The value of these funds is recorded in other non-current assets in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets and the liability is recorded in other long-term liabilities. The deposited funds include earnings accumulated up to the balance sheet date. The deposited funds may be withdrawn by the employee only upon the fulfillment of the obligation pursuant to labor law or agreements.

Revenue recognition

Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), using the modified retrospective method applied to those contracts that were not completed as of January 1, 2018. The adoption of ASC 606 did not result in a material difference in accounting compared to legacy revenue guidance and no transition adjustments were required.

The Company recognizes revenue by applying the following five-step approach: (1) identification of the contract with a customer; (2) identification of the performance obligations in the contract; (3) determination of the transaction price; (4) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (5) recognition of revenue when, or as, the Company satisfies a performance obligation.

The Company derives the majority of its revenue from sales of its networking products and software licenses, with the remaining revenue generated from service fees relating to maintenance contracts, professional services and training for its products. The Company sells its products and services to end customers, distributors and resellers. Products and services may be sold separately or in bundled packages.

The Company considers customer purchase orders, which in some cases are governed by master sales agreements, to be the contracts with a customer. For each contract, the Company considers the promise to transfer products and/or services, each of which are distinct, to be the identified performance obligations. In determining the transaction price, the Company evaluates whether the price is subject to refund or adjustment to determine the net consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled. The Company’s networking products have both software and non-software (i.e., hardware) components that function together to deliver the products’ essential functionality. Since the Company’s products cannot be used apart from the embedded software it is considered one distinct performance obligation.

A contract’s transaction price is allocated to each distinct performance obligation and recognized as revenue when, or as, the performance obligation is satisfied. Certain of the Company’s contracts have multiple distinct performance obligations, as the promise to transfer individual goods or services is separately identifiable from other promises in the contracts and the customer can benefit from these individual goods or services either on their own or together with other resources that are readily available to the customer. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the contract’s transaction price to each performance obligation based on its relative stand-alone selling price. The stand-alone selling prices are determined based on the prices at which the Company separately sells these products. For items that are not sold separately, the Company estimates the stand-alone selling prices using either an expected cost-plus margin or adjusted market assessment approach depending on the nature of the specific performance obligation.

The following is a summary of revenue by category (in thousands):

For all of the Company’s product sales, revenue is recognized when control of the product is transferred to the customer (i.e., when the Company’s performance obligation is satisfied), which typically occurs at shipment of the product. For product sales, the Company generally does not grant return privileges, except for defective products during the warranty period. Sales taxes collected from customers are excluded from revenues.

Revenue from non-recurring engineering is recognized at a point in time or over-time depending on if the customer controls the asset being created or enhanced. For new product design or software development services, the customer does not control the asset being created, the customer is not simultaneously receiving or consuming the benefits from the work performed and the work performed has alternative use to the Company. Therefore, revenue related to these projects is recognized at a point in time which is when the specified developed technology has been delivered and accepted by the customer. Revenue recognized at a point in time for these services amounted to $8.1 million, $17.2 million, and $10.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. For services performed on a customer’s owned asset, since the customer controls the asset being enhanced, revenue is recognized over time as services are rendered. Revenue recognized over time for these services using a cost-based input method amounted to $8.0 million, $4.5 million, and $3.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The Company is allowed to bill for services performed under the contract in the event the contract is terminated.

Revenue from professional service contracts primarily relates to training and other consulting arrangements performed by the Company for its customers. Revenue from professional services contracts provided on a time and materials basis are recognized when the Company has the right to invoice under the practical expedient as amounts correspond directly with the value of the services rendered to date.

Revenue from product maintenance contracts is recognized over time as the Company’s performance obligations are satisfied. This is typically the contractual service period, which is generally one year. Maintenance and support services are a distinct performance obligation that includes the stand-ready obligation to provide telephone support, bug fixes and unspecified software upgrades and updates provided on a when-and-if-available basis and/or extended hardware warranty, which is considered a service type warranty.

Revenue from software licenses is primarily related to the sale of perpetual licenses to customers. The software delivered to the customer has stand-alone functionality and the customer can use the intellectual property as it exists at any time. Therefore, the Company recognizes revenue when the software license is delivered to the customer. There are no further performance obligations once the software license is delivered to the customer.

Payment terms to customers generally range from net 30 to 120 days from invoice, which are considered to be standard payment terms. The Company assesses its ability to collect from its customers based primarily on the creditworthiness and past payment history of the customer. The Company has elected to apply the practical expedient that allows an entity to not adjust the promised amount of consideration in customer contracts for the effect of a significant financing component when the period between the transfer of product and services and payment of the related consideration is less than one year. The estimated cost of any post-sale obligations, including basic product warranties, is accrued at the time revenue is recognized based on a number of factors, which include historical experience and known conditions that may impact future warranty costs.

The Company accounts for shipping and handling activities as a fulfilment cost rather than an additional promised service. Therefore, revenue related to shipping and handling activities is included in product revenues. Shipping and handling costs are accrued and recorded as cost of revenue when the related revenue is recognized. Billings to customers for reimbursement of out-of-pocket expenses, including travel, lodging and meals, are recorded as revenue, and the associated costs incurred by the Company for those items are recorded as cost of revenue. Revenue related to the reimbursement of out-of-pocket costs are accounted for as variable consideration.

Contract Balances

A contract asset is recorded when revenue is recognized in advance of our right to receive consideration (i.e., we must perform additional services in order to receive consideration). Amounts are recorded as receivables when our right to consideration is unconditional. When consideration is received, or we have an unconditional right to consideration in advance of delivery of goods or services, a contract liability is recorded. The transaction price can include non-refundable upfront fees, which are allocated to the identifiable performance obligations.

Contract assets are included within accounts receivables and contract liabilities are included in deferred revenue in our consolidated balance sheets. The opening and closing balances of our contract asset and liability balances from contracts with customers as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 were as follows:

Revenues for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, include the following:

Costs to Obtain or Fulfill a Contract

The Company capitalizes commission expenses paid to internal sales personnel and sales agent commissions that are incremental to obtaining customer contracts, for which the related revenue is recognized over a future period. These costs are incurred on initial sales of product, maintenance and professional services and maintenance and support contract renewals. The Company defers these costs and amortizes them over the period of benefit, which the Company generally considers to be the contract term or length of the longest delivery period as contract capitalization costs in the consolidated balance sheets. Commissions paid relating to contract renewals are deferred and amortized on a straight-line basis over the related renewal period as commissions paid on renewals are commensurate with commissions paid on initial sales transactions. Costs to obtain or fulfil contracts were not significant for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018. Costs to obtain a contract for development and engineering service contracts are expensed as incurred in accordance with the practical expedient as the contractual period of these contracts are generally one year or less.

Warranty liabilities

The Company provides a limited warranty for periods, usually ranging from 12 to 24 months, to all purchasers of its new products. Warranty expense is accrued on the sale of products and is recognized as a cost of revenue. The expense is estimated based on analysis of historic costs and other relevant factors.

Information regarding the changes in the Company’s product warranty liabilities for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 is as follows (in thousands):

Significant concentrations

Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk, consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and accounts receivable. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents in highly rated financial instruments. The Company maintains certain of its cash balances in various U.S. banks, which at times, may exceed federally insured limits. The amount that exceeded the federally insured limits totaled $15.1 million and $0.6 million as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The Company has not experienced any losses on such accounts.

In addition, the Company maintains various bank accounts in various foreign countries, which are not insured. The Company has not incurred any losses on these uninsured foreign bank accounts, and management believes it is not exposed to any significant credit risk regarding these accounts. Cash and restricted cash balances were as follows (in thousands):

The Company’s accounts receivable are derived from sales of its products, and approximately 75%, 27% and 13% of product sales were to non-U.S. customers for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Two customers accounted for $52.6 million or 73% of the net accounts receivable balance at December 31, 2020, three customers accounted for $31.3 million or 78% of the net accounts receivable balance at December 31, 2019, and three customers accounted for $34.3 million or 82% of the net accounts receivable balance at December 31, 2018. The Company requires payment in advance or payment security in the form of a letter of credit to be in place at the time of shipment, except in cases where credit risk is considered to be acceptable. The Company’s top three customers accounted for 69%, 73% and 91% of revenue in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company had two customers whose revenue was greater than 10% of the year’s total. For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company had one customer each year whose revenue was greater than 10% of the year’s total.

The Company received 61%, 64% and 75% of goods for resale from five suppliers in 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The Company outsources the manufacturing of its base station products to contract manufacturers and obtains subscriber terminals from vendors in the Asia Pacific region. In the event of a disruption to supply, the Company would be able to transfer the manufacturing of base stations to alternate contract manufacturers and has alternate suppliers for the majority of subscriber terminals.

Share-based compensation

The Company estimates the fair value of share-based awards on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as an expense in the consolidated statements of operations over the requisite service periods. Share-based compensation expense recognized in the consolidated statements of operations includes compensation expense for share-based awards granted based on the estimated grant date fair value. Compensation expense for all share-based awards is recognized using the straight-line single-option method. Because share-based compensation expense is based on awards that are ultimately expected to vest, share-based compensation expense has been reduced to account for estimated forfeitures. Forfeitures are estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. (See Note 15).

Other taxes

Taxes on the sale of products and services to U.S. customers are collected by the Company as an agent and recorded as a liability until remitted to the respective taxing authority. For sales in applicable countries outside the U.S., the Company is subject to value added tax (VAT). These taxes have been presented on a net basis in the consolidated financial statements.

Significant Concentrations

Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk, consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and accounts receivable. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents in highly rated financial instruments. The Company maintains certain of its cash balances in various U.S. banks, which at times, may exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses on such accounts.

The Company’s accounts receivable are derived from sales of its products and approximately and 58.1% and 60.4% of product sales were to non-U.S. customers for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively and approximately and 63.3% and 62.7% of product sales were to non-U.S. customers for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Three customers accounted for $23.7 million or 58.2% of the net accounts receivable balance at June 30, 2021 and two customers accounted for $52.6 million or 73% of the net accounts receivable balance at December 31, 2020. The Company requires payment in advance or payment security in the form of a letter of credit to be in place at the time of shipment, except in cases where credit risk is considered to be acceptable. The Company’s top 3 customers accounted for 59.0% and 68.8% of revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and 59.3% and 64.1% of revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company had two customers whose revenue was greater than 10% of the three and six month period’s total revenue. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company had three customers whose revenue was greater than 10% of the three and six month period’s total revenue.

The Company received 89.8% and 83.4% of goods for resale from five suppliers in the three months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company received 92.5% and 78.1% of goods for resale from five suppliers in the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The Company outsources the manufacturing of its base station products to contract manufacturers and obtains subscriber terminals from vendors in the Asia Pacific region. In the event of a disruption to supply, the Company would be able to transfer the manufacturing of base stations to alternate contract manufacturers and has alternate suppliers for the majority of subscriber terminals.